Forging bursts and laps are examples of which type of discontinuity?

Forging bursts and laps are classified as processing discontinuities because they occur as a result of the manufacturing and processing techniques used to shape and form materials. These defects arise during the mechanical processes, specifically in hot working operations like forging.

Processing discontinuities generally relate to flaws introduced while the material is being formed, often due to the conditions under which the process is carried out, such as temperature, pressure, and speed. In the case of forging bursts, they occur when there is local overheating leading to material failure, while laps are formed when metal folds over itself during the forging process, creating weak areas.

Understanding processing discontinuities is essential for quality control and inspection processes, as these defects can directly affect the performance and reliability of the finished product.